Muscle Cramp

Introduction

A muscle cramp (spasm) is a sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more of muscles.

• Most muscle cramps develop in the leg muscles, particularly in the calf.

Risk Factors

The exact cause is often unknown, but risk factors may include

• Poor physical condition
• Dehydration
• Inadequate diet
• Physical overexertion
• Muscle fatigue

Associated Medical Conditions

Most muscle cramps are harmless, but may sometimes be symptomatic of an underlying medical condition, such as

• Inadequate blood supply due arteriosclerosis of the extremities.
• Nerve compression
• Mineral depletion such as potassium, calcium or magnesium.

Management

A muscle cramp can last for varying periods of time and generally resolves by itself. Treatment options include

• Stretch the cramped muscle and massage the area.
• Apply heat or cold.
• Try painkillers or muscle relaxants.

As prevention,

• Increase level of physical fitness
• Stretch muscle before and after using any muscle for an extended period.
• Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.

External Links

• Mayo Clinic - Muscle Cramp
  
• Cleveland Clinic - Muscle Spasms
  
• AAN - Symptomatic Treatment for Muscle Cramps, 2010