Compression Stockings

Introduction

Compression stockings are special, snug-fitting socks used to help prevent swelling and improve blood flows in the legs.

  • Compression stockings are recommended when you sit or stand for long periods without moving, such as during a long flight.
  • They may also be used during pregnancy to reduce the risk of developing lower limb oedema, varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis.

Compression Stockings



Types

There are two main types:

  • Anti-embolic stockings (often called "TED" or thromboembolic deterrent stockings)
    • Primarily used to prevent blood clots, especially for bedridden patients recovering from surgery or fractures who have limited mobility.
    • Exert consistent pressure throughout the stocking (e.g. 18 mm Hg).
    • Available in knee-high and thigh-high lengths.
  • Gradient pressure stockings
    • Offer varying levels of compression, with the highest pressure at the ankle and gradually decreasing up the leg.
    • Worn by people with lymphedema, vein disorders (e.g. chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins), pregnancy or occupations involving prolonged standing or sitting.
    • Come in different compression classes to suit individual needs: class 1 (15 to 20 mm Hg), class 2 (20 to 30 mm Hg), class 3 (30 to 40 mm Hg), and class 4 (40 to 50 mm Hg).
    • Available in knee-high, thigh-high, pantyhose, chaps-style and maternity pantyhose.

Level of Compression



Important Tips

Compression stockings are prescribed based on specific patient needs and precise measurements.

  • Use a flexible tailor's tape to measure the circumference of key parts of the bare leg and foot for optimal fitting.
Measure For Compression Stockings

Wash new compression stockings by hand before wearing to reduce some of the initial stiffness and difficulty in application.

Stockings should be applied in the morning when oedema is minimal and after the placement of ulcer dressings, if any.

  • If there will be a delay after rising from bed (e.g. shower), it is useful to elevate the legs for 20 to 30 minutes prior to putting on the stockings.

Put on Compression Stockings

Patients should sit in a chair with a firm back support (not on the bed) to lean against while applying the stocking.

Compression stockings are designed to exert a firm, therapeutic pressure.

  • While snugness is essential for efficacy, discomfort throughout the day may necessitate brief removal for leg rest periods.
As compression stockings can absorb skin oils and potentially cause the skin to dry out, it is recommended to moisturise the skin in the evening after removing the stockings.

Follow garment-specific care instructions.

  • Some stockings require hand-washing with mild detergent, while others may be machine-washed on a delicate cycle.
  • All hose can be hung up to dry, but stockings with elastic should not be machine dried, as the heat will destroy the elastic fibre and the stockings will wear out faster.
  • Purchasing at least two pairs of compression stockings allows for a convenient wash-and-wear cycle.
The elasticity of all fabrics diminishes with time and washing.

  • Ideally, stockings should be replaced every 6 months to maintain proper compression.



Summary

While compression stockings are generally safe for most individuals, their use is contraindicated in cases of severe peripheral artery disease or suspected/confirmed lower extremity venous thromboembolism.



External Links

Comments

Post a Comment