Bad Breath

Introduction

Halitosis (also known as bad breath) is mostly caused by sulphur-producing bacteria that normally live on the surface of the tongue and in the throat.

  • About 2.4% of the adult population suffers from bad breath.

Because of bad breath, other people may back away or turn their heads.

  • This can cause a loss of confidence and self-esteem.

Bad Breath



Causes

There are many possible causes.

  • Eating certain foods
    • e.g. onions, garlic and spices.
  • Smoking
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Dry mouth
  • Medications
  • Dental issues
    • e.g. periodontitis, gingivitis, dental caries
  • Other chronic conditions
    • e.g. gastric reflux, diabetic ketoacidosis, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure



Management

The treatment will depend on the underlying cause.

Avoiding dehydration and good oral hygiene are important.

  • Tooth brushing twice a day for 2 minutes with a fluoride toothpaste
  • Daily dental flossing to clean between teeth
  • Regular mechanical tongue cleaning/scraping if coating is present
  • Consider mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents, such as chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Cutting back on caffeine

Eating sugar-free mints or chewing after having strong-smelling food and drinks is also helpful.

If simple self-care techniques don't solve the problem, check with dentist or physician to be sure a more serious condition is not causing the bad breath.



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