Bad Breath
Introduction
Halitosis (also known as bad breath) is mostly caused by sulphur-producing bacteria that normally live on the surface of the tongue and in the throat. About 2.4% of the adult population suffers from bad breath.
Because of bad breath, other people may back away or turn their heads. This can cause a loss of confidence and self-esteem.
Causes
There are many possible causes.
- Eating certain foods
- e.g. onions, garlic and spices.
- Smoking
- Poor oral hygiene
- Dry mouth
- Medications
- Dental issues
- e.g. periodontitis, gingivitis, dental caries
- Other chronic conditions
- e.g. gastric reflux, diabetic ketoacidosis, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure
Management
The treatment will depend on the underlying cause.
Avoiding dehydration and good oral hygiene are important.
- Tooth brushing twice a day for 2 minutes with a fluoride toothpaste
- Daily dental flossing to clean between teeth
- Regular mechanical tongue cleaning/scraping if coating is present
- Consider mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents, such as chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride
- Drink plenty of water
- Cutting back on caffeine
Eating sugar-free mints or chewing after having strong-smelling food and drinks is also helpful.
If simple self-care techniques don't solve the problem, check with dentist or physician to be sure a more serious condition is not causing the bad breath.
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